ॐ गुरुपरमात्मने नमः

3.48.1   “नाहं पञ्चविंशति तत्त्वानि, न वा तानि मम” इति कथं ज्ञेयम्

शोकसत्त्वे अहं शोकं जानामि। शोकाभावे तदभावं जानामि। अतः – नाहं शोकः, न शोकः मम। शोकः आकाशस्य। अहं शोकज्ञः तद्द्रष्टा घटद्रष्टृवत् तद्विलक्षणः। एवं सर्वत्र ज्ञेयम्।

how do I know that "I am not the 25 parts"

When there is sorrow, I see the sorrow. When there is no sorrow, I see the absence of sorrow. Thus, I am not sorrow, and sorrow is not mine. Sorrow belongs to ākāśa. I am the knower of sorrow, and see it like a pot. I am different from it.

Note: the vicāra candrodaya repeats this in detail for each of the 25 tattvas. We have chosen to omit it. The logic and method is the same for all 25 topics.