• Only the actions said by the vedas [and smr̥tis] to impel or restrict our actions are karmas.
• Actions inherent to living beings, such as going, coming etc which are (i) common to all living things and (ii) which are done even with rāga or dveṣa are not karmas
• Actions inherent to living beings, which are done with rāga, dveṣa etc are not karmas

A karma cannot perish without giving results, in the absence of brahma jñāna.

• A given body (śarīra) is born of the puṇyas and pāpas of those, for whom it becomes a source of their joys and sorrows.
• A jīva that performs puṇya and pāpa in a previous body gets it’s results in the next body and experiences them in the form of joys and sorrows. Thus, for those that identify with the body, the body is subservient upon the puṇyas and pāpas from previous janmas.

The results of some karmas can be exhausted in a single body. Some require multiple bodies (births)

• Specific prāyaścitta karmas must be done to remove the pāpa of karmas done intentionally.
• General prāyaścitta karmas must be done to remove the pāpas of karmas done unintentionally in this janma, or in previous janmas.
• The specific prāyaścittas are for pāpas done just once, out of inattention or negligence.